The related research of nanotechnology is getting deeper and deeper, and the performance of nanomaterials is getting better and better

one Some fundamental properties of nanoparticles

A nanometer is 0.000001 millimeters, a millionth of a millimeter. The diameter of a hair is 0.05 millimeters, which is equal to 50,000 nanometers. An atom is about 0.1 nanometers in diameter. So, a nanometer is a measure of atoms and molecules.

When the scale of a substance falls between 0.1 and 100 nanometers, its properties change dramatically. In the 1980s, it was discovered that copper and silver, which originally conducted electricity and heat, were neither conductive nor conductive when measured by nanoparticles. The melting temperature of silver blocks is 500℃, but the melting temperature of silver nanoparticles is only 100℃. The strange behavior of nano-scale substances immediately attracted the wide attention of scientists, and the research of various nanoparticles became more and more in-depth.

The size of nanoparticles is so small that their structural characteristics can only be seen clearly with an electron microscope. It's these structural features that account for many of the amazing properties of nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles are very small and have irregular surfaces, so their surface area is extremely large and their surface tension is extremely high.
2. Small particles, irregular surface, surface activity is particularly large, easy to occur electron transfer with other substances. It has long been known that many materials can be used as catalysts. Now we know that the surface activity of nanoparticles is strong, so the effect of using nanoparticles as catalyst materials must be good. Especially in polymer polymerization, oxidation, reduction, synthesis reactions. Nanocatalytic materials have been widely used, which greatly improves the catalytic efficiency.

3. Small particles, surface atoms exposed, some magnetic materials of nanoparticles, magnetization effect multiplier. For example, iron cobalt alloy, which is originally magnetic material, is made about 20-30 nanometers in size, and its magnetism is actually 1,000 times higher than the original.

4. The particles are small and the surface area is large. Compared with the large particles of the original material, the melting point of the nanoparticles will be reduced, so the nanomaterials can be used as combustible materials. Moreover, it is possible to sintered nanoparticles at low temperatures, resulting in a more uniform and dense structure than the raw material. It is also possible to weld metal and alloy nanomaterials at low temperature.

5. Small particles, large surface area, good thermal conductivity of nanoparticles, can be used as a good thermal conductivity material.

6. Small particles, nanoparticles have quantum size effect, in light, electricity, magnetic aspects of the macro quantum tunnel effect to overcome the barrier.

The size of the above nanoparticle effect depends on the size, shape and structure of the nanoparticle. Scientists have been trying to understand the specific relationship between the shape of nanoparticles and the various effects. Although it is only a part of the picture, it will not affect the development of nanoparticle applications.

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