Can 3D printing print cups, cars, houses, and even robots? !


The MIT team of scientists designed a magnetic software robot based on 3D printing. Through a game controller, the robot can be controlled to “jump”, “roll” and “crawl”. Various functions can be programmed.




Background introduction


Soft materials that respond to light, heat, and electricity and change shape in three dimensions are widely used in software robots, flexible electronic devices, and biomedicine. In particular, the magnetic field provides a safe and effective way to control the biomedical field that needs to be controlled in a remote enclosed space.


Innovation




(Figure 1: 3D print nozzle design)


The team used a special printing ink consisting of magnetizable iron-iron-boron alloy particles and fumed silica nanoparticles. Fumed silica in silicone is a rheology modifier that induces the mechanical properties required for ink writing, which ensures that the ink can pass through the nozzle and layer stacks smoothly. At the same time, a magnetic field is applied at the print head so that we can use the magnetic field to adjust the direction of the particles (the particles are arranged along the direction of the magnetic field) to achieve patterning.




(Figure 2: Model establishment)


The team built a model to predict the structural changes in 3D printing of a programmed ferromagnetic domain under a magnetic field. Through their model guidance, they designed a mechanical metamaterial that can quickly shrink within 0.5 s of application, and when the magnetic field is removed, they can return to their original state. This use of magnetic field drive avoids the need for direct contact.




(Figure 3: Functional diagram)


The 3D printed magnetic soft material has been evaluated to have a strain level of 0.15-0.25 in 0.1s-0.5s, providing a power density range of 22.3kwm-3-309.3kwm-3, far exceeding existing 3D printing. The shape can change the material.


Future prospects


Their new 3D printing method, as a manufacturing platform, can be extended to a variety of composite inks using different types of elastomers and hydrogel matrices and magnetic particles. In the future, they introduce new design parameters - magnetic domain map, magnetization and drive field in the design and manufacture of shape programmable soft materials.


Moreover, this magnetic field-based remote control of unbound, complex and fast shape-moving soft materials offers new possibilities for applications in flexible electronics and biomedical devices.




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