In the field of base oils, our introduction is from simple to complex. In the initial stage, there are only hydrocarbon base oils of C and hydrogen, such as PAO, PIB, etc., and then we introduce benzene rings, which are alkylbenzenes and alkylnaphthalenes; Then we introduced the oxygen, the ester and the ether; now they are all said to be almost the same, we need to introduce a new element again, is the famous silicon. The base oil is turned into four main elements of Si-O-C-H.


Silicon is not unfamiliar to everyone. It was learned in middle school chemistry. The chemical periodic table is between metal and non-metal. It is a good material for semiconductors. But unfortunately, I don't study this industry. In addition, silicon is the second most important element in nature except oxygen. For example, Tuluka (Northeastern-Clay) in farmland, sand, and even Beijing dust are all compounds containing Si. Therefore, Si can't talk about strange things, but when many people talk about silicone oil, they always feel that they are tall, but they don't have to.




Although Si is the second largest element, nature's monomeric SI is almost non-existent. The above descriptions are all Si-type oxygenates (silica-silica). You know, the whole earth, except O is SI, Si does not play with O, is it still playing with the remaining steel straight men like Al and Fe? It is also very fun to use this kind of picture to study with human sex pairing. People who have nothing to do can study it.


Let's continue, look at the picture


Silica becomes silicon metal, silicon metal can become semiconductor silicon, it can also become Silanes or Siloxanes, and finally becomes Silicone (remember this word, this thing is called silicone).


In the molecular formula of the silicone, the SI element replaces the C element and the oxygen element as the main chain of the molecule, forming a main frame structure of Si-O-Si. Other organic groups are attached to the Si atom.
The molecular formula of silicone, as shown below


As you can see from this figure, the main chain is the Si-O bond. This combination has typical non-organic features. The main chain can be understood as the performance of silicone with glass or quartz. You can think for yourself. These two things have awkward characteristics.


Taking a chestnut is heat resistance. This SI-O bond is very strong. It wants to destroy higher heat. Therefore, breaking the SI-O bond may require a temperature higher than 200 degrees, which is better than the CC bond of hydrocarbons. The CO bond should be stable. It is generally understood that the difference between glass and vegetable oil is not high.


In addition, the R Group on both sides is a typical organic group that brings organic organic properties to the silicone. The structure of the silicone determines that this little thing inherits the advantages of both parents, that is, the characteristics of the inorganic group and the characteristics of the organic group. It is a grafted variety (the swear words of the common people, it is a hybrid). However, in principle, this hybrid can only be done with Si of the same family as C, and others cannot.


The reason why this map was introduced here is to introduce Silicone, the silicone, which is a huge industry. Silicone products can cover a wide range of industries and fields, mainly resins, liquid rubber, solid rubber, sealants, elastomers, and so on. And our base oil is just a loss of people, or the same, the main business of people is still not a lubricant base oil, so we are not destined to be a Key Account customer. Interested friends can turn over the silicone industry, I will not study it, it is really limited energy.


After talking for a long time, it is nonsense, not mentioning a dime of silicone oil, don't worry, first see this big tree, your silicone oil is a small fruit.


One of the primary products in the silicone industry is called Silicone Fluids. This small segment is what we want to say, silicone oil.


Well, let's look at the definition of silicone oil: a polymer or compound based on the linear backbone of SI-O-SI, which can have fluids with different substituents (this definition is my own definition).


Look at the general molecular formula of silicone oil:




First of all, due to different structural differences, there are thousands of types of silicone oil, and the application of products varies widely, but the core is the change of R group, the change of the amount of polymerization, the difference of substituents, and the difference of end-capping substances. This property is very similar to the characteristics of polyether, so you can look at it when you have time.


Ok, let's say nothing, the picture above is the most effective.




In general, we habitually divide silicone oil into two types, one is linear silicone oil and the other is modified silicone oil.


Linear silicone oil is further divided into: 2-methyl silicone oil (this is the most common one), the molecular is as follows, in fact, it is very simple, that is, R in the above formula is methyl, two methyl and Si-O A silicone oil in which monomers are polymerized.




Another one is benzyl silicone oil. At this time, we saw that two of the methyl groups were replaced by phenyl groups, and the other changes were not significant.


But if one or three methyl groups are replaced by a phenyl group, it is also called benzyl group, which is naturally called. Therefore, there will be different types of silicone oil with a percentage of phenyl groups, which have a low proportion, as shown below. Naturally, there is also a high proportion, and everyone will write the formula.










Knowing this, everyone will look at the methyl hydrogen silicone oil, and know that the molecular formula is like this. In addition to these, there will be ethyl silicone oil. They are all different.




Then we look at the modified silicone oil. The so-called modification is to change the performance, and part of the R group from methyl to other functional components I need.


Modified silicone oils can also be roughly divided into two categories. One type of products are non-reactive silicone fluids, and the corresponding ones are reactive silicone oils.


Looking at the R group's molecular formula first? The so-called non-reactive silicone oil is the condition that this silicone oil does not have a re-chemical reaction. The grafted groups are all stable R groups, which are stable as follows.


The benzyl silicone oil we said above is actually a modification, but it is benzene modification.


The reactive silicone oil means that it can continue to react with other substances, and finally form a stable silicone oil with special properties. As shown in the figure below, the most famous one is the reactive amino silicone oil and the polyether modified silicone oil (plus the chain of polyether).


In addition to the differences in the R group, the modified silicone oil can also change the way of thinking: become a capping, R group can also replace the two methyl groups of the port, become double-end silicone oil or single-end silicone oil, you can also change all three Sex, oh, for the sake of modification, it is all about it.






The modified silicone oil has effectively expanded the properties of silicone oil. This is not difficult to understand, just like the modified polyether.


This organically modified R group is as much as the above picture. The vinyl silicone oil that we discussed in a WeChat group a few days ago, we have shown in the previous figure that the position of this ethylene group may exist in the port or inside, so the structure may be very different, and the performance will also be Big differences, but generally we don't need this thing in the lubricant industry. (This is three types)










The last one, let's briefly say that not all silicone oils must be polymerized, and many of them are directly finished products, just like esterification reactions. But the viscosity of these substances is indeed relatively small, such as the following 2:








The reason why these two hip-hop two will be brought up is because these two things are the main raw material base oil of our industrial oil, this is a small lesson.


If you think silicone oil, this is over, I tell you, you really took it down, and said, "This child is hurting her, it is really a set."


All of the above are linear chains of silicone, let's expand a bit, if not straight? So what is it?


There are two kinds of cases, one is a ring, and it becomes a circle. This kind of body is similar to silicone oil, but it is relatively volatile. It is mostly used in cosmetics. It is generally called volatile silicone oil: the structure is as shown below. All kinds of cosmetics have to have it. D is a few Si elements.
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