In recent years, with the development of energy conservation, emission reduction and lightweight trend, engineering plastics and resin matrix composite materials with excellent properties such as light weight, high strength, high toughness, high and low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. are playing an important role in the field of aerospace. Together with steel, aluminum alloy and titanium alloy, they have become the cornerstone to support the development of aerospace industry. The so-called composite materials are mainly high-performance plastics, which take high-performance fiber as reinforcement and resin as matrix, and bond the fiber inside and solidify.
Composite materials can be roughly divided into structural composite materials and functional composite materials according to the use requirements. In the field of aerospace, the mainstream of development at present and in the next 20-30 years is carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials (CFRP) used to manufacture aerospace vehicle structural parts. On this basis, structural / functional integration and intelligent structural composite materials are developed to meet the increasingly advanced aerospace flight Requirements of the device. With its unique and excellent physical and chemical properties, CFRP is widely used in aerospace fields such as rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft. Application of composite materials in the field of Aeronautics and Astronautics composite materials can adapt to extreme flight environment, such as high pressure, impact and impact load. According to different applications, aviation composite materials can be divided into three kinds of composite materials: fuselage, aeroengine and aircraft interior, which are applied to various aircraft fuselage structures. As a large-scale commercial aircraft manufacturer, Boeing company in the United States and airbus company in Europe are increasing the use of carbon fiber in each new aircraft. Boeing has expanded the application of composite materials to 50% in the development of the sixth generation of 787 (Dreamliner), which weighs about 35 tons. The main wing and cabin are all made of CFRP. Therefore, Boeing 787 is also known as "plastic aircraft", which is of epoch-making significance. Torayca 3900 / t800s series of high toughened epoxy resin matrix composites of Toray company are selected as the main bearing structure materials for Boeing 787 aircraft, and hexmc 8552 high toughened epoxy resin matrix composites of Hexcel company are selected to manufacture the large window frame of aircraft, and hexpiy8552 / AS4 is selected to manufacture the large composite engine hood, etc. Under the pressure of customers and the market success of Boeing 787, the latest generation of Airbus A350 aircraft was renamed a-350xwb, which means ultra wide fuselage. The proportion of composite materials used in the whole aircraft structure rose to 53%, which is the highest among all large commercial aircraft. Among them, the central wing box and the outer wing box are made of carbon fiber composite materials, with a composite area of about 442 m2. Hershey provides hexply? Prepreg for all main structures of A350 XWB, and the reinforcement material used is hextow? Carbon fiber. Boeing and Airbus have successively launched the main aircraft models with composite materials accounting for more than 50% of the structure, which means that the era of composite materials as the main material in the structural design of large airliners has begun. At present, about 10-20% of carbon fiber composite materials are used in large airliners, about 55% in small business aircraft and helicopters, and about 25% in military aircraft. The cutting-edge plastic composite material is mainly used in the fuselage, wing wall plate, fuselage tail section, flat tail, vertical tail, tail blade, rudder and other parts of the military aircraft, greatly reducing the self weight of the aircraft. In 2007, China's commercial large aircraft project was approved. 10 years later, in May 2017, the first large aircraft C919 independently developed by China was successfully tested in Shanghai. It uses a variety of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials, and the consumption of a single aircraft exceeds 16 tons. However, the application of composite materials in domestic large aircraft is still relatively conservative. According to public reports, the use of composite materials accounts for about 20% of the structural weight of C919 aircraft. In the process of developing the new airliner, COMAC prudently selects strategic partners of materials. The German Evonik industry group is responsible for providing the C919 aircraft with a lightweight structure made of ROHACELL rigid foam material, and develops a large post pressure frame prototype for the rear part of the fuselage. Rohacell composite based on PMI (polymethylacrylimide) is not only light in weight, but also excellent in rigidity, making the fuselage stronger, greatly improving the safety of the aircraft, and reducing the emission of carbon dioxide, which can effectively save fuel, thus making the aircraft more energy-saving. Victrex has become the only designated peek manufacturer of C919, and its innovative material Victrex peek peek peek is added to the qualified product list (QPL) of COMAC's new generation aircraft for use, making safe, easy to assemble and more fuel-efficient aircraft. The innovative material Victrex peek has high strength / weight ratio, chemical resistance, flame retardant, low smoke and non-toxic and other excellent properties. In addition, it can provide design freedom to create highly optimized components and systems, making a significant leap in replacing metals and other plastics. The aerospace industry has entered a period of rapid growth. ASD reports consulting company of the United States issued the aerospace composite market analysis report at the end of last year. The report predicts that the total market volume of aerospace composite materials will increase steadily from US $26.87 billion in 2017 to US $42.97 billion in 2022 at a rate of 9.85% per year. Compared with metal materials, composite materials have higher cost, which is one of the main reasons limiting the application and development of advanced composite materials in the field of aerospace. For this reason, all the major companies in the world engaged in composite materials research are studying the manufacturing process of advanced composite materials, improving the production efficiency of advanced composite materials, so as to improve its yield, so as to reduce the advanced composite materials Cost of materials. In addition, how to make composite materials as recyclable as metal materials is an urgent problem for many scientists.
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