Dr. vanini, R & D of plastic resin in Italy, is the author of the book preservation and restoration of anterior teeth.
Professor Lorenzo vanini graduated from the University of Pavia, Italy, majoring in medicine and external science in 1980. He has been engaged in the research of cosmetology and dentistry and the preservation and restoration of composite resin for anterior teeth for the past 30 years. He invented a new method to determine the color of teeth from five latitudes and the technology of layered restoration with composite resin materials. This invention has been widely recognized in the world and has been written into teaching materials by many universities in Europe and America.
Introduction: dental color comparison has always been a difficult problem for cosmetic restoration. Dr. vanini and Prof. Mangani, two Italian masters, based on their long-term clinical experience and rich observation and research practice, constructed the five-dimensional theory of dental color to guide the determination of dental color.
Five dimensional theory of vanini's tooth color (1)
Five dimensional theory of vanini's tooth color (2)
White reinforcement:
It's easy to see that the natural enamel is usually white or opalescent (sometimes irregular). These white markings are distributed in different areas of enamel. According to vanini's theory, these white stains can be completely imitated by a set of schemes. It is important to reproduce these white enhancement features, especially in children or adults with high-level enamel. These white enhancement features are divided into the following four categories according to the shape and color characteristics they display:
1: white staining
Figure 12. Type I white enhancement: one or more white like stains in enamel
2: cloud like
Figure 13. The second type of white enhancement: distributed in different parts of enamel in the form of small cloud
3. Snowflake
Figure 14. The third type of white enhancement: small snowflakes or white dots distributed evenly in enamel
4. Horizontal stripe
Figure 15. Type IV white reinforcement: horizontal strip distribution
Clinicians can clearly see and distinguish different shapes and features according to the records of color indicator.
　　
Opalescence:
The translucency of natural enamel makes it have unique opalescence. For the light injected into the enamel, the natural enamel can enhance the light with shorter wavelength and produce a gray blue halo at the cutting end.
With the help of polarizing filter photos and careful observation of teeth, vanini classified the opalescence at the cutting end into the following categories:
1. Mastoid
Figure 16. The first kind of opalescence: the halo strengthens the papilla of the growing leaves with the change of the cutting edge, and becomes the papilla
2. Split mastoid
Fig. 17. The second kind of opalescence: the mastoid of the central growth leaf is large and divided by the vertical groove to form a split mastoid
　　
3. Comb
Figure 18. Third type of opalescence: comb like halo composed of many vertical grooves
4. Window
Figure 19. The fourth type of opalescence: window like features of halo formation between dentin and cutting edge
5. Mottling
Figure 20. Fifth type of opalescence: the development of triangular amber halos from the cutting edge to one third of the teeth
At the cutting end of the tooth, the naked eye can only distinguish the gray, blue, white and amber halos. Children often show blue milky light, adults mostly gray, and the elderly often show amber. The corresponding opalescent features were found out in the color indicator, recorded and restored in the restoration.