The dangerous goods warehouse of "8.12" Ruihai company in Tianjin Port was in a particularly serious fire and explosion accident, and we found some amazing things.
1： What is nitrocellulose? Why is it fried? According to the investigation report released by the State Council, the direct cause of the particularly serious explosion accident of Tianjin port on August 12 was the self ignition of nitrocellulose in the container on the south side of the arrival area of the dangerous goods warehouse of Ruihai company, and the subsequent ignition of the surrounding dangerous chemicals such as ammonium nitrate.
Nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate, known as "cellulose nitrate") is a kind of flammable and explosive dangerous chemicals. In history (from the late 19th century to the junior high school of the 20th world and even today), it was once a very important main military explosive; it was used in a large number of manufacturing propellants, promoting the flight of bullets and shells; it was also used in a large number of loading shells, bombs and all kinds of blasting Apparatus is the second kind of explosive that human beings learn to prepare after the black powder.
The first preparation method of nitrocotton appeared in 1833. It was made by French chemist blakeno by dissolving cotton, starch, wood and other carbohydrates in concentrated nitric acid. Therefore, he named nitrocotton "wood explosive" at that time.
Later, with the unremitting efforts of chemical experts from all countries, such as xiongban, Abel, GAis and so on, the smokeless powder and new explosives prepared on the basis of nitrocellulose contributed to the historic leap of the military explosive system. For example, the long-range performance of modern guns starts from the replacement of black powder by smokeless powder. In the explosion accident in Tianjin, nitrocotton had nothing to do with military use. Its identity was used as raw material for coating and ink production.
2： Why does Tianjin Port stack so many dangerous and explosive chemicals such as nitrocellulose? In 2012, 82000 tons of nitrocotton were consumed in mainland China alone - this is only part of the production capacity of domestic nitrocotton industry. In fact, in addition to high-end products (low impurity content, high light transmittance of solution and constant yellow durability of products), which are basically blank in China and need to be imported, China is the world's largest producer of nitrocellulose and an important exporter. Among the modern uses of nitrocellulose, it is mainly used to make paint coatings and inks, celluloid plastics (the most common such as table tennis) and so on.
Compared with the military explosive nitrocellulose, the nitrogen content of industrial nitrocellulose is much lower, not higher than 12.5%, so it is relatively safe. However, in the safety management, we often see such paradox: some highly toxic, extremely flammable and explosive chemicals, everyone dare not take it lightly, strictly follow the safety regulations, but less accidents and low accident losses.
The reason why there are so many dangerous chemicals (nitrocotton, ammonium nitrate, etc.) piled up in Tianjin port is actually the above two reasons: on the one hand, the consumption at home and abroad is huge, which will inevitably bring huge transportation and storage volume; on the other hand, the risk management of dangerous goods is in a state of indulgence or even out of control.
3： What is the impact of Tianjin explosion on China's nitrocotton industry? The domestic nitrocellulose market is different from the international market. The proportion of coating and ink is the same in the way of using the largest nitrocellulose in the world, occupying an absolute large share; while the proportion of coating in domestic application is far higher than that of ink, accounting for 65-70%.
These nitrocellulose coatings, which use nitrocellulose as film-forming agent, have a wide range of applications, ranging from wood products to metals, plastics and leather; it can be said that everyone will be exposed in daily life. Acrylic acid and other new coatings can completely replace nitrocellulose in terms of performance, but the relative cost is much higher.
For this reason, although the domestic nitrocellulose industry is quite scattered - there are many small enterprises, high energy consumption and pollution, and lack of high-end product development capacity; however, when the environmental protection department rectifies the nitrocellulose industry, it encounters great economic and other resistance - for example, the resistance of China Coating Industry Association.
As early as 2007, the Ministry of environmental protection, also known as the State Environmental Protection Administration at that time, wanted to list nitrocellulose as the main nitrocellulose coating on the list of "double high (high pollution, high environmental risk)", but finally only four small nitrocellulose coatings with low total output could be listed.
Figure: explosion site of Tianjin Port
There is no doubt that the occurrence of the particularly serious explosion accident in Tianjin port and the release of the accident investigation report of the State Council will have a significant impact on China's nitrocellulose industry. In addition to strong inspection and strict rectification for production and transportation safety, these changes are likely to occur in the future:
The investigation report on the special major fire and explosion accident of the dangerous goods warehouse of Tianjin Port "8.12" Ruihai company was released. The State Council recently approved the investigation report on the special major fire and explosion accident of the dangerous goods warehouse of Tianjin Port "8.12" Ruihai company. According to the investigation team of the State Council, the fire and explosion accident in the dangerous goods warehouse of Ruihai company on August 12, Tianjin port is a particularly serious production safety liability accident.
On August 12, 2015, a fire and explosion occurred in the dangerous goods warehouse of Ruihai company in Tianjin port, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, resulting in the death of 165 people (including 24 public security fire fighters in active service, 75 fire fighters in Tianjin port, 11 public security police, 55 employees and residents of the accident enterprise and surrounding enterprises), 8 missing (including 5 Tianjin fire fighters and surrounding enterprises) Three employees and families of firefighters in Tianjin port, 798 injured (58 seriously injured and more seriously injured, 740 slightly injured), 304 buildings, 12428 commercial vehicles and 7533 containers were damaged. As of December 10, 2015, according to the statistics standards and regulations such as statistical standard for economic loss of casualty accidents of enterprise employees, the approved direct economic loss was 6.866 billion yuan.
After the accident, the Party Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to it. Through the efforts of all parties, the task of accident rescue and on-site disposal was completed on September 13, 2015, with 1176 tons of hazardous chemicals, 7641 vehicles, 13834 containers and 14000 tons of goods cleared. 798 wounded were properly treated.
On August 18, 2015, with the approval of the State Council, a special major fire and explosion accident investigation team for the dangerous goods warehouse of Ruihai company in Tianjin port of the State Council was established, which was composed of the Ministry of public security, the State Administration of work safety, the Ministry of supervision, the Ministry of transportation, the Ministry of environmental protection, the all China Federation of trade unions and Tianjin. The Supreme People's Procuratorate was invited to send personnel to participate in the investigation, and the explosion and elimination were invited Experts in prevention, criminal investigation, chemical industry, environmental protection and other aspects participated in the investigation.
The accident investigation team adheres to the principle of "rigorous science, seeking truth from facts, adhering to the law according to regulations and safety and high quality". It has read about 6000000 words and phrases, retrieved surveillance videos for 100 thousand hours, carried out simulation experiments for 8 times, held 56 experts' demonstration sessions, and collected more than 600 relevant personnel one by one. The author proves that the course, cause, casualties and direct economic losses of the accident have been identified, the nature and responsibility of the accident have been identified, the suggestions for dealing with the relevant responsible units and personnel have been put forward, the outstanding problems and lessons exposed in the accident have been analyzed, and the suggestions for strengthening and improving the work have been put forward.
The investigation team found out that the direct cause of the accident was that the nitrocellulose in the container at the south side of the arrival area of the dangerous goods warehouse of Ruihai company was partially dry due to the loss of wetting agent, accelerated decomposition and heat release under the effect of high temperature (weather) and other factors, accumulated heat and self ignition, causing the nitrocellulose and other dangerous chemicals in the adjacent container to burn for a long time and large area, resulting in the nitrate stacked in the arrival area Dangerous chemicals such as ammonium acid exploded.
The investigation team determined that Ruihai company was the main responsible unit for the accident due to its serious violation of relevant laws and regulations. The company ignored the main responsibility of safety production, seriously violated the overall urban planning of Tianjin and the regulatory detailed planning of Binhai New Area, illegally constructed the storage yard of dangerous goods, illegally operated and illegally stored dangerous goods, the safety management was extremely chaotic, and the potential safety hazard existed for a long time.
The investigation team also found out that the accident caused varying degrees of pollution to the air environment, water environment and soil environment in the accident center and surrounding local areas. The marine environment quality of Bohai Bay in Tianjin is not affected. There are no cases of poisoning or death caused by environmental pollution. At present, the impact on the atmospheric environment has been basically eliminated, the polluted surface water has been effectively disposed, and the soil and groundwater in the accident center area are being classified, disposed and repaired. For the possible medium and long-term environmental and human health impact caused by the accident, relevant parties are carrying out continuous monitoring and assessment, and taking preventive measures.
(source: Hou Zhijian, CCTV)
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